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<\/p>\nStainless steel (stainless steel) is an alloy of iron (Fe) containing at least 10.5% chromium (Cr) and a maximum of 1.2% carbon (C) by mass, along with other elements such as nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), molybdenum (Mo) …
\nThanks to the natural chromium oxide film on the surface, stainless steel has the ability to resist corrosion – anti-oxidation – good heat resistance – high mechanical strength, widely used in household, industrial, construction, medical.<\/p>\n
The most prominent stainless steel is its corrosion resistance, which increases with increasing chromium content. Adding molybdenum increases corrosion resistance in reducing acid and resists pitting attack in chloride solutions. Therefore, there are many types of stainless steel with different chromium and molybdenum contents to suit the environment the alloy must endure. Stainless steel’s resistance to corrosion and staining, low maintenance, and familiar shine make it an ideal material for many applications requiring both the strength of steel and corrosion resistance.<\/p>\n
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Stainless steel rolled into sheets, plates, bars, wire and tubing is used in: cookware, cutlery, surgical instruments, major appliances; construction materials in large buildings, such as the Chrysler Building; industrial equipment (e.g., in paper mills, chemical plants, water treatment); and chemical and food storage tanks and tankers (e.g., chemical tankers and oil tankers). Stainless steel’s corrosion resistance, ease of cleaning and steam sterilization, and lack of surface coating have also influenced its popularity in commercial kitchens and food processing plants.<\/p>\n
Iron (Fe): base component.
\nChromium (Cr): \u2265 10.5%, creates an anti-corrosion oxide film.
\nCarbon (C): \u2264 1.2%, increases strength and hardness.
\nNickel (Ni): increases rust resistance and ductility.
\nMolybdenum (Mo): increases resistance to local corrosion (pitting, crevices).
\nManganese (Mn), Silicon (Si): improves machinability and mechanical properties.
\nThere are four main types of stainless steel: Austenitic, Ferritic, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) and Martensitic.<\/p>\n
Characteristics:
\nNon-magnetic, flexible, easy to weld and process.
\nHigh corrosion resistance, works well in a wide temperature range.
\nTypical steel grades: SUS 301, 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 310S\u2026 This type contains at least 7% nickel, 16% chromium, carbon (C) 0.08% max.
\nApplications: making household appliances, tanks, industrial pipes, industrial ships, architectural shells, other construction works\u2026<\/p>\n
Characteristics:
\nMagnetic, mechanical properties similar to low carbon steel.
\nMedium corrosion resistance, cheaper than Austenitic.
\nTypical steel grades: SUS 430, 410, 409\u2026 (12\u201317% Cr).
\nApplication: This type, with 12% Cr, is often used in home appliances, boilers, washing machines, interior decoration…<\/p>\n
Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) This is a type of steel with properties “in between” Ferritic and Austenitic, commonly called DUPLEX. In this line, we can mention LDX 2101, SAF 2304, 2205, 253MA. Duplex steel contains much less Ni than Austenitic. DUPLEX has typical characteristics of high strength and flexibility, widely used in the petrochemical industry, paper and pulp production, shipbuilding… In the situation of escalating stainless steel prices due to nickel scarcity, DUPLEX is increasingly being used to replace some steel grades in the Austenitic steel line such as SUS 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 310s…<\/p>\n
Characteristics:
\n11\u201313% Cr, high hardness, good strength.
\nRelatively corrosion resistance.
\nApplications: knives, blades, turbine blades.<\/p>\n
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Mechanism: Stainless steel contains at least 10.5% Chromium (Cr). When exposed to air, Cr forms an ultra-thin Cr\u2082O\u2083 oxide film (~ a few nanometers), adheres tightly to the surface and has the ability to self-heal when scratched.
\nEffect: This film prevents oxygen, moisture, salt and chemicals from penetrating the steel substrate. If Molybdenum (Mo) is added, the ability to resist local corrosion (pitting, crevices) in chloride environments (seawater, swimming pools, salt industry) increases significantly.
\nIn fact:
\nStainless steel 304 works well in humid indoor environments.
\nStainless steel 316\/316L (with Mo) is stable in seawater, chemical plants.
\nDuplex and super Austenitic (254SMO) used for offshore oil and gas rigs.<\/p>\n
Mechanism: The crystal structure of stainless steel (Austenite, Ferrite, Martensite) helps to increase yield strength and tensile strength. Some types of stainless steel have the ability to work harden, meaning that the colder they are worked, the harder they become.
\nReality:
\nDuplex stainless steel has twice the strength of Austenitic 304, suitable for pressure tanks and oil and gas pipelines.
\nMartensitic stainless steel has high hardness and strength – used for knives and turbine blades.
\nIn construction, stainless steel can withstand heavy loads, suitable for scaffolding structures, pedestrian bridges, and outdoor railings.<\/p>\n
Mechanism: Stainless steel can be treated with many methods: 2B, BA, HL (Hairline), No.4, No.8 (Mirror\/8K). These techniques determine the gloss, reflectivity, and aesthetic scratches.
\nEffect: The stainless steel surface is not only bright and beautiful, but also anti-fouling and easy to clean \u2192 meets industrial hygiene standards.
\nIn reality:
\n8K mirror stainless steel is used for elevators, hotel lobbies.
\nHL, No.4 stainless steel is used for elevators, architecture, building facades, kitchen cabinets.
\nIn interior design, decorative stainless steel helps maintain long-lasting luxury.<\/p>\n
Mechanism: Stainless steel does not react with food and does not release toxic metal ions (compared to aluminum and carbon steel). This has been certified by many international standards (FDA – USA, EU Regulation EC No.1935\/2004, JIS – Japan).
\nReality:
\nStainless steel 304\/316 is chosen to manufacture pots, pans, cutlery, milk, beer, and beverage processing tanks.
\nFood and pharmaceutical factories are required to use stainless steel to ensure hygiene and easy CIP\/SIP sterilization.
\nIn hospitals, stainless steel is preferred because of its natural antibacterial properties and ability to be sterilized by steam.<\/p>\n
Mechanism: Some types of stainless steel (such as 310S, 253MA) can withstand temperatures >1000\u00b0C thanks to high Ni, Cr, and Si content, helping the oxide layer to be durable at high temperatures.
\nReality:
\nHeat-resistant stainless steel is used in industrial furnaces, chimneys, and combustion chambers.
\nPower plants use stainless steel for turbine blades and high-pressure steam pipes.
\nIn the automotive industry, heat-resistant stainless steel is used for engine exhaust pipes.<\/p>\n
Mechanism: Austenitic stainless steel has high ductility, suitable for many processing technologies: plasma cutting, laser, CNC, TIG\/MIG welding, deep drawing, cold rolling.
\nReality:
\nThe mechanical engineering industry uses stainless steel for precise CNC cutting of machine parts.
\nThe architectural industry uses stainless steel for curved railings and decorative walls.
\nThe shipbuilding and chemical industries use TIG-welded stainless steel to ensure tight, corrosion-resistant welds.
\nThus, stainless steel is not simply “stainless” steel, but a versatile engineering material, fully converging mechanical properties – chemical properties – aesthetics – safety, meeting strict requirements in industry, construction, medicine and life.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Stainless Steel (Inox) \u2013 Concept, Classification, Composition, Properties & Applications Introduce Stainless steel (stainless steel) is an alloy of iron (Fe) containing at least 10.5% chromium (Cr) and a maximum of 1.2% carbon (C) by mass, along with other elements such as nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), molybdenum (Mo) … Thanks to the natural […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,16,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internal-news","category-news","category-news-events"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/binhtaninox.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/binhtaninox.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/binhtaninox.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/binhtaninox.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/binhtaninox.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=771"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/binhtaninox.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/771\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":774,"href":"http:\/\/binhtaninox.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/771\/revisions\/774"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/binhtaninox.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/binhtaninox.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/binhtaninox.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/binhtaninox.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}